Seeing clearly for better health

Seeing Clearly and Moving Forward

THIS SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS SOME important trends in AI research and development, focusing on perceiving and affecting the real world. We will primarily address robotics, but we certainly don’t intend to imply that this is the only important area of AI research and development in the 21st century. We see tremendous importance in the continuing work in such areas as data mining, learning, knowledge r...

Seeing more is seeing better.

Seeing more clearly: recent advances in understanding retinal circuitry.

Among 10 breakthroughs that Science announced at the end of 2002 was the discovery of a photosensing (melanopsin-containing) retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and its role in entraining the circadian clock. This breakthrough exemplifies the ultimate goal of neuroscience: to understand the nervous system from molecules to behavior. Light-sensing RGCs constitute one of a dozen discrete RGC populations ...

Clearly a breakthrough for better understanding how brain works

Combining neuroscience and chemical engineering, researchers at Stanford have developed a process that renders a mouse brain transparent. The postmortem brain remains whole — not sliced or sectioned in any way — with its three-dimensional complexity of fine wiring and molecular structures completely intact and able to be measured and probed at will with visible light and chemicals. The process,...

Are Individuals With Diabetes Seeing Better?

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was the leading cause of severe visual impairment (VI) in subjects 25–64 years of age in the U.S. 30 to 40 years ago (1,2). At that time, severe VI (best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye) was 25 times as common in subjects with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. VI in subjects with diabetes resulted mainly from vitreous hemorrhag...